I guess this can be useful when you can’t change DNS on the local router.

But wouldn’t announcing *.local.domain for the server that Traefik runs on accomplish the same?

Isn’t this what I just did? mydomain.eu.cc

I mean the second part from the end (.eu.). That’s not yours, and that means that the mydomain. part can dissapear at any time. The owner can also do all kinds of unpleasant things that can affect your online presence.

By “your own” domain I mean getting something of your own in that 2nd spot instead of “eu”. It doesn’t have to be on the .cc registry, it can be any established TLD like .com, .net, .org, it can be a country TLD aka ccTLD like .cc, .nl, .de and so on, or it can be a so-called “novelty” domain like .dev.

Having your own domain means you can own it in perpetuity (well… old, established TLDs are better at this than novely TLDs) and have much better control over it.

Visit a domain registrar like Porkbun and have a look through their TLDs, check some prices, the privacy of your personal data etc.

Avoid registries that allow “premium” domains, it means that the registry can suddenly decide that the domain you own is very cool and force you to pay hundreds or thousands for the next renewal or lose it.

Wouldn’t connecting through an existing fedi server also enforce its blocklist down to me?

I’m not entirely sure on how you propose to use your server: if you just want to read stuff or also want to be able to post.

Your server can do things with another server in two ways, by exposing an open port and allowing the other server to do stuff locally through that port, or by connecting to a port opened on the other server and doing stuff there.

If the fediverse protocol mandates having a local port open to do stuff like posting, it may be impossible to avoid doing it.

First of all I would suggest getting your own domain. There’s many TLDs and ccTLDs that will let you get a domain for $10/year or much less.

If you don’t want to pay then at least get a subdomain from somewhere reliable. Preferably a DNS service because you also get DNS management this way. My recommendation is DeSEC because it’s a German, privacy-oriented non-profit and it has a modern interface and modern features like an API, security tokens, support for recent record types, DNSSEC etc. And if you later decide to get a paid domain you can keep using DeSEC for it very easily.

Secondly, does your fediverse single-user server really need to be exposed to the internet to get updates? Can’t it pull them from other servers? That way you would reduce your risk a lot.

An unauthenticated tunnel is still an ingress path same as an open port, just with more steps.

Worth noting that FreeDNS domains can be a mixed bag. Anybody can add or remove the base domains at any time because they’re lended freely. The owner can also arbitrarily decide to delete your subdomain, or reserve it for themselves, or even hijack its use, its TLS certs etc.

The top 7 domains listed there (including mooo.com) as owned by “josh” are somewhat better than the others because Josh is the owner of FreeDNS. So those domains will be around for as long as FreeDNS will, and you know Josh is not gonna hijack your subdomain. But be wary of using any other domain there (or putting your own domain up for use).

Should probably note that “DMZ” in this context means a separate VLAN. Because the term is also commonly used to mean “DMZ host” where a router exposes a machine directly to the Internet. You want the former, not the latter.

But, more to the point, a beginner really shouldn’t be exposing anything to the Internet. 🙂 Running a public service as a person who doesn’t know how domains work will not end well.

I think what OP means is that you can mix using an external email provider with storing your own email archive + an IMAP server + a webmail app. You can let the provider deal with the IP reputation and all that pain and just use their SMTP and IMAP to send email and pull to your local server, respectively. If you use your own domain you can also switch the provider in 10 minutes by simply changing your DNS records and retain the same address.

The hard part for me when giving up Gmail wasn’t the stuff above, it was tracking down all the places I was subscribed as @gmail.com and replacing it with @my.domain addresses. That took about 6 months. The local pull + IMAP + webmail took a weekend to set up.

Short answer: IMAP and the mbsync tool (aka “isync”). It can sync between two IMAP accounts or between IMAP and local storage (either/both ways).

If you just want syncing between two IMAP accounts there’s also imapsync, which is available both as a program and as an online service run by the guy who maintains the program, priced as “pay what you want”, which can migrate your inbox on the fly to another service.

What I’ve done myself is to run mbsync periodically (made myself a custom Alpine image with cron and mbsync) to bring emails over. Added an IMAP server container on top of the local copy of the emails (tons of options, Dovecot is popular). Added a webmail app behind reverse proxy, talking to the IMAP server on a private docker network (Roundcube). And a Borg Backup job to take an extra backup (incremental, deduplicated and encrypted) of the email archive.

In theory I could also connect the webmail to the SMTP of whatever email provider I’m currently using and be able to use it to also send. I don’t do that because I have email clients connected to the provider on both desktop and phone so it’s not a requirement, but I could if I wanted to.

This approach lets me periodically trim down the emails stored at the provider to only the most recent. This lets me also use providers that offer small amounts of storage. My recent emails are available instantly through IMAP to the provider. Starting within last 24h and going back forever they’re available at the archive webmail.

I can switch email providers at any time as fast as DNS records propagate (because I use @my.own.domains) and as fast as I can update the IMAP/SMTP credentials for my phone/desktop/mbsync.

CF tunnels are a way to bypass NAT but they are not really secure. There’s no authentication, just a WAF and some bot detection. It’s not really comparable with a VPN or Tailscale.

FWIW, Tailscale is a private company that’s been doing well, so it hasn’t been going down the enshittification route yet. There’s also headscale, which they support and which will serve as the canary in the mine if they ever start souring the deal.

Meanwhile, I see no reason not to use a perfectly good service just because it might be gone someday.

Ironically, if Graphene would succeed, it would lead to a system that’s every bit as locked down as a manufacturer’s Android. GrapheneOS would also not allow you to have root etc.

IMO Graphene wants a place at the big player table. They’re not in it for user freedoms.